Logo Gwerddon
Y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol
Chwilio
Cymraeg / English

Ynni adnewyddadwy cymunedol: adolygiad o’r sefyllfa bresennol a phosibiliadau’r sector unigryw hwn

Back
Ynni adnewyddadwy cymunedol: adolygiad o’r sefyllfa bresennol a phosibiliadau’r sector unigryw hwn
(Renewable community energy: A review of the current situation and future possibilities of this unique sector)

Sioned Haf

The renewable energy sector is growing as states aim to curtail their carbon emissions and establish a more sustainable strategy to generate energy. Despite this, there are arguments that large-scale renewable energy developments do not contribute towards community sustainability and local economies. According to recent research, community energy projects – renewable energy projects that are part or fully owned by a geographically distinct community – are seen as a means of generating energy in a way that is more sympathetic, equitable and sustainable. This article reviews the current literature that debates the benefits and obstacles facing the community energy sector.

187 Kb

Reference:

 
  	Sioned Haf, ‘Ynni adnewyddadwy cymunedol: adolygiad o’r sefyllfa bresennol a phosibiliadau’r sector unigryw hwn’, Gwerddon, 20, October 2015, 10-29.

Keywords

 
    Community energy, renewable energy, community development, sustainable development, local ownership.

Bibliography:

 
  	
    

  1. Baird, T. (2012), ‘Fossil fuel independence: Denmark’s path’, The Journal of the International Energy Agency, 2, 41.
    2. 

  2. Bomberg, E., a McEwen, N. (2012), ‘Mobilizing community energy’, Energy Policy, 51, 435–44.
    3. 

  3. Bristow, G., Cowell, R. a Munday, M. (2012), ‘Windfalls for whom? The evolving notion of “community” in community benefit provisions from wind farms’, Geoforum, 43, 1108–20.
    4. 

  4. Brixton Energy (2014), https://brixtonenergy.co.uk [Cyrchwyd: 20 Mai 2014].
    5. 

  5. Comisiwn Silk (2014), Grymuso a Chyfrifoldeb: Pwerau Deddfwriaethol i Gryfhau Cymru (Caerdydd: Comisiwn ar Ddatganoli yng Nghymru).
    6. 

  6. Community Energy Coalition (2013), http://www.forumforthefuture.org/project/community-energy-coalition/overview [Cyrchwyd: 18 Mehefin 2013].
    7. 

  7. Community Energy Scotland (2013), http://www.communityenergyscotland.org.uk/ [Cyrchwyd: 17 Mehefin 2013].
    8. 

  8. Conaty, P., a Mayo, E. (2012), ‘Towards a co-operative energy services sector’, Journal of Co-operative Studies, 45, 46–55.
    9. 

  9. Co-operative Group and Co-operatives UK (2012), Manifesto for a Community Energy Revolution – Part of the Work of the Community Energy Coalition (Manchester: Cooperatives UK).
    10. 

  10. Cumbers, A. (2013), Making Space for Economic Democracy: The Danish Wind Power Revolution, http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BE6B5/search/FFACF446C9CEE717C1257B2800527248?OpenDocument [Cyrchwyd: 20 Mai 2014].
    11. 

  11. DECC (2011), UK Renewable Energy Roadmap (London: DECC).
    12. 

  12. DECC (2013), UK Renewable Energy Roadmap Update 2013 (London: DECC).
    13. 

  13. DECC (2014), Community Energy Strategy (London: DECC).
    14. 

  14. Egni: Cydweithfa Solar Ffotofoltaig Cymoedd De Cymru (2014), http://egni.coop/aboutus/?lang=cy [Cyrchwyd: 20 Mai 2014].
    15. 

  15. Energy Saving Trust (2013), Community and Locally Owned Renewable Energy in Scotland, June 2012 (Edinburgh: Energy Saving Trust).
    16. 

  16. European Commission (2011), Renewable Energy: Progressing towards the 2020 Target (Brussels: European Commission).
    17. 

  17. Hain, J. J., Ault, G. W., Galloway, S. J., et al. (2005), ‘Additional renewable energy growth through small-scale community orientated energy policies’, Energy Policy, 33, 1119–212.
    18. 

  18. Hughes, G., ‘Ynni Cynaliadwy yng Nghymru’, traethawd PhD, Prifysgol Bangor, Bangor, 2008.
    19. 

  19. International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (2009), The Future is Distributed: A Vision of Sustainable Economies (Lund: IIIEE).
    20. 

  20. Isle of Eigg (2014), http://www.isleofeigg.net [Cyrchwyd: 20 Mai 2014].
    21. 

  21. Jefferson, M. (2008), ‘Accelerating the transition to sustainable energy systems’, Energy Policy, 36, 4116–25.
    22. 

  22. Kellet, J. (2007), ‘Community-based energy policy: a practical approach to carbon reduction’, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 50, 381–96.
    23. 

  23. Lipp, J. (2007), ‘Lessons for effective renewable electricity policy from Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom’, Energy Policy, 35, 5481–95.
    24. 

  24. Local Energy Scotland (2014), http://www.localenergyscotland.org [Cyrchwyd: 20 Mai 2014].
    25. 

  25. Llywodraeth Cymru (2012), Ynni Cymru: Newid Carbon Isel (Caerdydd: Llywodraeth Cymru).
    26. 

  26. Llywodraeth Cymru (2013), Cynhyrchu a Defnydd Ynni, http://wales.gov.uk/statistics-andresearch/energy-generation-consumption/?skip=1&lang=cy [Cyrchwyd: 20 Mai 2014].
    27. 

  27. Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru (2010), Chwyldro Carbon Isel – Datganiad Polisi Ynni Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru (Caerdydd: Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru).
    28. 

  28. MacKay, D. (2009), Sustainable Energy – Without the Hot Air (Cambridge: UIT Cambridge LTD).
    29. 

  29. Meacham, T. (2012), Renewable Energy: Community Benefit and Ownership (Edinburgh: Scottish Parliament Information Centre).
    30. 

  30. Menter Iaith Conwy (2012), http://www.mentrauiaith-gogledd.com/conwy/swyddi.html [Cyrchwyd: 11 Rhagfyr 2012].
    31. 

  31. Möller, B., Sperling, K., Nielsen, S., et al. (2012), ‘Creating consciousness about the opportunities to integrate sustainable energy on islands’, Energy, 48, 339–45.
    32. 

  32. Munday, M., Bristow, G., a Cowell, R. (2011), ‘Wind farms in rural areas: how far do community benefits from wind farms represent a local economic development opportunity?’, Journal of Rural Studies, 27, 1–12.
    33. 

  33. PAWB (2012), Maniffesto Môn, http://stop-wylfa.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Maniffesto-Mon.pdf [Cyrchwyd: 11 Rhagfyr 2012].
    34. 

  34. Pwyllgor Amgylchedd a Chynaliadwyedd (2012), Polisi a Chynllunio Ynni yng Nghymru (Caerdydd: Comisiwn Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru).
    35. 

  35. Rae, C., a Bradley, F. (2012), ‘Energy autonomy in sustainable communities – a review of key issues’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 6497–506.
    36. 

  36. Renewable Energy Foundation (2012), Renewables Output 2010, http://www.ref.org.uk/publications/229-renewables-output-in-2010 [Cyrchwyd: 11 Rhagfyr 2012].
    37. 

  37. Rogers, J. C., Simmons, E. A., Convery, I., et al. (2008), ‘Public perceptions of opportunities for community-based renewable energy projects’, Energy Policy, 36, 4217–26.
    38. 

  38. Rogers, J. C., Simmons, E. A., Convery, I., et al. (2012), ‘Social impacts of community renewable energy projects: findings from a woodfuel case study’, Energy Policy, 42, 239–47.
    39. 

  39. Scottish Government (2011), 2020 Routemap for Renewable Energy in Scotland (Edinburgh: The Scottish Government).
    40. 

  40. Seyfang, G., Park, J., a Smith, A. (2012), Community Energy in the UK: 3S Working Paper 2012–11 (Norwich: Science, Society and Sustainability Research Group).
    41. 

  41. Seyfang, G., Park, J., a Smith, A. (2013), ‘A thousand flowers blooming? An examination of community energy in the UK’, Energy Policy, 61, 977–89.
    42. 

  42. St Denis, G., a Parker, P. (2009), ‘Community energy planning in Canada: the role of renewable energy,’ Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 2088–95.
    43. 

  43. Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay (2014), http://cymraeg.tidallagoonswanseabay.com [Cyrchwyd: 13 Mai 2014].
    44. 

  44. Tiree Trust (2014), http://www.tireetrust.org.uk/music-and-culture [Cyrchwyd: 20 Mai 2014].
    45. 

  45. Toke, D. (2005), ‘Explaining wind power planning outcomes: some findings from a study in England and Wales’, Energy Policy, 33, 1527–39.
    46. 

  46. Transition Towns (2014), About Transition Network, http://www.transitionnetwork.org/about [Cyrchwyd 20 Mai 2014].
    47. 

  47. Walker, G. (2008), ‘What are the barriers and incentives for community-owned means of energy production and use?’, Energy Policy, 36, 4401–5.
    48. 

  48. Walker, G., a Devine-Wright, P. (2008), ‘Community renewable energy: what should it mean?’, Energy Policy, 36, 497–500.
    49. 

  49. Walker, G., Devine-Wright, P., Hunter, S., et al. (2010), ‘Trust and community: exploring the meanings, contexts and dynamics of community renewable energy’, Energy Policy, 38, 2655–63.
    50. 

  50. Warren, C. R., a McFadyen, M. (2010), ‘Does community ownership affect public attitudes to wind energy? A case study from south-west Scotland’, Land Use Policy, 27, 204–13.
    51. 

  51. West Coast Energy (2013), Welsh Government Supports Community Benefits Declaration, http://www.westcoastenergy.co.uk/2013/06/welsh-government-supports-communitybenefits-declaration/ [Cyrchwyd: 15 Hydref 2013].
    52. 

  52. World Bank (2012), Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.COMM.FO.ZS [Cyrchwyd: 15 Rhagfyr 2012].
    53. 

  53. World Commission on Environment and Development (1987), Our Common Future (Oxford: Oxford Paperbacks).
    54. 

  54. Yadoo, A., Gormally, A., a Cruickshank, H. (2011), ‘Low carbon off-grid electrification for rural areas in the United Kingdom: lessons from the developing world’, Energy Policy, 39, 6400–7.
    55. 

  55. Ynni Llyn (2012), http://www.ynnillyn.org [Cyrchwyd: 12 Rhagfyr 2012].
    56. 

  56. Ynni’r Fro (2014), http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/wales/Communities/Findingfunding/Ynni-r-Fro-programme [Cyrchwyd: 20 Mai 2014].
    57.